Therapeutic applications of gut microbes in cardiometabolic diseases: current state and perspectives.

Cardiometabolic disease (CMD) encompasses a range of diseases such as hypertension, atherosclerosis, heart failure, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Recent findings about CMD's interaction with gut microbiota have broadened our understanding of how diet and nutrition drive microbes to influence CMD. However, the translation of basic research into the clinic has not been smooth, and dietary nutrition and probiotic supplementation have yet to show significant evidence of the therapeutic benefits of CMD. In addition, the published reviews do not suggest the core microbiota or metabolite classes that influence CMD, and systematically elucidate the causal relationship between host disease phenotypes-microbiome. The aim of this review is to highlight the complex interaction of the gut microbiota and their metabolites with CMD progression and to further centralize and conceptualize the mechanisms of action between microbial and host disease phenotypes. We also discuss the potential of targeting modulations of gut microbes and metabolites as new targets for prevention and treatment of CMD, including the use of emerging technologies such as fecal microbiota transplantation and nanomedicine. KEY POINTS: • To highlight the complex interaction of the gut microbiota and their metabolites with CMD progression and to further centralize and conceptualize the mechanisms of action between microbial and host disease phenotypes. • We also discuss the potential of targeting modulations of gut microbes and metabolites as new targets for prevention and treatment of CMD, including the use of emerging technologies such as FMT and nanomedicine. • Our study provides insight into identification-specific microbiomes and metabolites involved in CMD, and microbial-host changes and physiological factors as disease phenotypes develop, which will help to map the microbiome individually and capture pathogenic mechanisms as a whole.

Integration of dietary nutrition and TRIB3 action into diabetes mellitus.

Despite intensive studies for decades, the common mechanistic correlations among the underlying pathology of diabetes mellitus (DM), its complications, and effective clinical treatments remain poorly characterized. High-quality diets and nutrition therapy have played an indispensable role in the management of DM. More importantly, tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3), a nutrient-sensing and glucose-responsive regulator, might be an important stress-regulatory switch, linking glucose homeostasis and insulin resistance. Therefore, this review aimed to introduce the latest research progress on the crosstalk between dietary nutrition intervention and TRIB3 in the development and treatment of DM. This study also summarized the possible mechanisms involved in the signaling pathways of TRIB3 action in DM, in order to gain an in-depth understanding of dietary nutrition intervention and TRIB3 in the pathogenesis of DM at the organism level.

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Food Supply-Demand Balance in Uzbekistan under Different Scenarios.

The food supply-demand balance is a perpetual concern for many countries, especially developing countries, such as Uzbekistan. Using the land resource carrying capacity model, here, food supply and demand for the cereals and calories in Uzbekistan during 1995-2020 were revealed. Despite increased demand for cereals and calories, unstable crop production has led to volatile growth patterns. The carrying capacity of cropland resources under Uzbekistan's consumption standard shifted from overload to surplus and then to balance. Moreover, the carrying capacity of cropland resources under the healthy diet standard moved from balance to surplus in the past 25-years. Additionally, the calorific equivalent land resource carrying capacity under Uzbekistan's consumption standard fluctuated, with the carrying state shifting from balance to surplus, and the healthy diet standard still in overload. These findings can help guide sustainable production and consumption strategies in Uzbekistan and other countries by analyzing the consumption structure and changes in supply and demand relationships.

Principal Components and Cluster Analysis of Trace Elements in Buckwheat Flour.

Essential trace elements are required at very low quantities in the human body but are essential for various physiological functions. Each trace element has a specific role and a lack of these elements can easily cause a threat to health and can be potentially fatal. In this study, inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) were used to determine the content of trace metal elements Ca, Fe, Cu, Mg, Zn, Se, Mo, Mn, and Cd in buckwheat flour. The content and distribution characteristics of trace metal elements were investigated using principal component and cluster analysis. The principal component analysis yielded a four-factor model that explained 73.64% of the test data; the cumulative contribution of the variance of the 1st and 2nd principal factors amounted to 44.41% and showed that Cu, Mg, Mo, and Cd are the characteristic elements of buckwheat flour. The cluster analysis divided the 28 buckwheat samples into two groups, to some extent, reflecting the genuineness of buckwheat flour. Buckwheat flour is rich in essential trace metal elements and can be used as a source of dietary nutrients for Mg and Mo.

Correlation analysis of middle school students' body mass index and dietary nutrition / 公共卫生与预防医学

Objective To explore the relationship between body mass index and dietary nutrition intake of middle school students. Methods Using stratified cluster sampling to select 1 000 middle school students in our city as the research object , of which 132 cases were over-recombination and 479 cases were the control group. Collect students’ basic information, dietary data and lifestyle information through questionnaire surveys, analyze and compare the energy and nutrient intake of the two groups of students ; use a multivariate Logistic regression model to analyze the relationship between children’s energy intake and dietary patterns and obesity. Results Among 1 000 middle school students, obese men accounted for 24.4%, women obese 23.5%, the gender difference was not significant (P>0.05); 11-13 years old obese accounted for 18.9%, 14-16 years old obese accounted for 29.0 %, the older the age, the higher the obesity rate (P0.05). The weight, BMI, waist circumference, hip circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, diastolic blood pressure and body fat rate of the obese group (64.68±12.4kg, (27.54±2.46 ) kg/m2 , 98.43±9.14cm , 102.45±9.23cm, 0.98±0.08, 120.43±8.45mm Hg, 86.76±6.43mm Hg, (36.54±3.42)% are all compared with the normal group 42.56±8.45kg , (17.43±1.98) kg/m2, 69.43±7.5cm, 80.45±7.32cm, 0.86±0.08, 95.43±4.54 mm Hg, 67.43±4.32 mm Hg, (18.43±2.13)%the value is large (P<0.05); the normal group students have energy, protein, fat/energy, carbohydrate, sodium, Iron intake 1765.59±345.79Kcal, 57.43±15.38g, (50.32±15.47) %, 128.43±29.43g, 1419.34±153.98mg, 14.54±4.21mg were all compared with the obese group (2361.56±354.78Kcal, 81.57±22.76g) , (90.43±15.23)%, 163.89±24.62g, 1587.43±123.32mg, 1.73±0.51mg) low (P<0.05); the intake of energy, carbohydrates, protein, sodium and iron is positively correlated with the occurrence of obesity. Risk factors for obesity; and intake of vitamin C, vitamin E, potassium, calcium, and magnesium is negatively correlated with obesity and is a protective factor for obesity. Conclusion The overall weight control of middle school students in our city is not optimistic. Obese students have an imbalance in the intake of the three major nutrients and minerals, which will easily lead to obesity in the long run. The school and parents should work together to manage the student’s diet and exercise to ensure Student health.

[Cross-Sectional Study of Nutritional Status and Dietary Nutrient Intake in Children with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy (DMD) in China].

Objective: To investigate the dietary nutrient intake and the nutritional status of children with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and to explore the correlation between them, so as to provide theoretical basis for the formulation of proper nutritional treatment for children with DMD. Methods: A total of 223 children aged 2 to 14 years who came to West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University from July 2017 to April 2021, and who were diagnosed with DMD by genetic testing were enrolled as the subjects of the study. Dietary assessment was conducted with a 3-day 24-hour dietary recall, and serum vitamin D level was measured by chemiluminescence method. Results: Only 33.2% of the children with DMD were found to be of normal nutritional status. The incidences of stunted growth, underweight, overweight and obesity were 13.5%, 14.4%, 14.3% and 8.1%, respectively. Among the children with DMD, those with serum vitamin D deficiency and insufficiency accounted for 9.0% and 89.7%, respectively. According to the dietary recall of the children with MDM, the daily energy ratio of carbohydrate, protein and fat were (47.40±6.64)%, (14.46±2.22)%, and (38.17±5.30)%, respectively. The daily intake of dietary calcium and vitamin D were (433.32±164.39) mg per day and (155.73±89.30) IU per day, respectively. The ratio of daily protein intake to the estimated average requirement for protein ( P=0.003) and ratio of daily energy intake to the estimated energy requirement ( P=0.007) were lower in children with stunted growth than those of DMD children of normal nutritional status. Conclusion: The dietary structure of children with DMD is obviously not suited to their condition and nutritional deficiency coexists with overnutrition among them. Further research needs to be done for developing appropriate nutritional guidance programs and standardized nutritional management measures for children with DMD.

[Low-fat cheese in the focus of dietary nutrition].

Currently, products with a reduced content of saturated fatty acids and a high protein content occupy an important place in the structure of a balanced diet, which leads to an increasing demand for cheeses with a low content of milk fat and high organoleptic properties. As a result of the growing trend towards the consumption of products with a reduced calorie content, there is a scientific interest in the development of technologies for low-fat cheeses with high consumer characteristics that are not inferior to analogues with a fat content of 45-50%. However, low-fat cheeses produced using existing technologies, as a rule, are characterized by low organoleptic properties, including an unexpressed taste and aroma and a rough, rubbery texture. The purpose of the research was to develop a low-fat cheese with high organoleptic characteristics, produced using not only the main acid-forming microflora, but also adjunct bacterial cultures that enhance enzymatic processes during cheese ripening and have probiotic properties. Material and methods. The production of low-fat cheeses (options 2 and 3) with a fat mass fraction of 20% in terms of dry matter was carried out according to a single technological scheme, which ensures the manufacture of cheese after pressing with a mass fraction of moisture of 53-54%. As a control option (1), Dutch cheese was produced with a fat mass fraction of 45%. Bulk starter containing a mixture of lactococci of the Lactococcus lactis species was used as the main acid-forming starter microflora in all cheese options (1, 2, 3); in low-fat cheese option 3, adjunct cultures of Lactobacillus casei and Propionibacterium freudenreichii were added. During ripening, cheeses were subjected to microbiological (total quantity of viable cells of lactic acid microorganisms, Lactobacillus casei and Propionibacterium freudenreichii), physicochemical (mass fraction of lactose, fat, moisture, solids, protein) and organoleptic studies. The total quantity of viable cells of the mesophilic lactic acid microflora was determined by the quantity of mesophilic aerobic and facultative anaerobic microorganisms. In cheeses after the end of the ripening process, the molecular mass distribution of soluble nitrogenous compounds and the content of flavoring substances in the vapor phase were additionally evaluated. Results. It has been established that in low-fat cheeses, the mass fraction of protein increases by 5.9±0.1% with a decrease in the proportion of fat to 20.0%. In this regard, the calorie content of low-fat cheese reduced by a third. It has been demonstrated that differences in the composition of the starter microflora had a significant impact on the depth and direction of biochemical processes, the formation of flavoring substances, which lead to an improvement in the organoleptic characteristics of cheeses. Conclusion. The addition of adjunct cultures of Lactobacillus casei mesophilic rods and Propionibacterium freudenreichii propionic acid bacteria, together with technological methods, contributes to the formation of a pronounced cheese taste and aroma, improves the flavor profile and deepens the process of proteolysis in cheeses with a fat mass fraction of 20% and brings their consumer properties closer to those of cheese with a fat content of 45%.

Intestinal Microbiota-Derived Short Chain Fatty Acids in Host Health and Disease.

Intestinal microbiota has its role as an important component of human physiology. It produces metabolites that module key functions to establish a symbiotic crosstalk with their host. Among them, short chain fatty acids (SCFAs), produced by intestinal bacteria during the fermentation of partially and non-digestible polysaccharides, play key roles in regulating colon physiology and changing intestinal environment. Recent research has found that SCFAs not only influence the signal transduction pathway in the gut, but they also reach tissues and organs outside of the gut, through their circulation in the blood. Growing evidence highlights the importance of SCFAs level in influencing health maintenance and disease development. SCFAs are probably involved in the management of host health in a complicated (positive or negative) way. Here, we review the current understanding of SCFAs effects on host physiology and discuss the potential prevention and therapeutics of SCFAs in a variety of disorders. It provides a systematic theoretical basis for the study of mechanisms and precise intake level of SCFAs to promote human health.

Dietary Nutrition and Gut Microbiota Composition in Patients With Hypertensive Disorders of Pregnancy.

Objective: The aim is to explore the intakes of dietary nutrients and the changes of gut microbiota composition among patients with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) and provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of HDP. Methods: This study was conducted at the Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital of Changzhou. A total of 170 pregnant women (72 patients with HDP in the case group and 98 healthy pregnant women in the control group) in the third trimester were enrolled. Dietary nutrient intakes were assessed through a food frequency questionnaire survey. Fresh fecal samples were aseptically collected, and 16S rDNA sequencing was conducted. The intakes of dietary nutrients and the diversity and relative abundance of gut microbiota were compared between pregnant women with and without HDP. A logistic regression model was used to investigate the association between differential gut microbial genera and the risk of HDP. Results: The daily dietary intakes of vitamin A and vitamin C in pregnant women with HDP were significantly lower than those in the control group. The relative abundances of Bacteroidota, Bacteroidaceae, and Bacteroides were increased, and the relative abundances of Actinobacteriota, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Blautia, Prevotella, and Bifidobacterium were decreased in women with HDP compared with those in the controls. In addition, the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was positively correlated with dietary intakes of vitamin C and vitamin E in patients with HDP. After adjustment for confounding factors, the odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of HDP for the relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was 0.899 (0.813, 0.995). Conclusion: The composition of gut microbiota in pregnant women with HDP was significantly changed compared with that of healthy controls. The relative abundance of Bifidobacterium was negatively associated with HDP. Moreover, dietary vitamin C and gut Bifidobacterium may cooperatively contribute to reduce the risk of HDP.

The effects of the transtheoretical model combined with nutritional intervention in hemodialysis patients.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of the transtheoretical model combined with nutritional intervention (TTMNI) in hemodialysis (HD) patients. METHODS: The clinical data of 100 HD patients recorded from October 2018 to October 2020 were retrospectively collected and divided into two groups according to the intervention method each patient underwent. Group A (n=49) underwent routine nursing intervention and group B (n=51) underwent TTMNI combined with routine nursing intervention. The two groups were compared before and after intervention in terms of their nutritional indices, Renal Adherence Attitudes Questionnaire (RAAQ) scores, their Renal Adherence Behavior Questionnaire (RABQ) scores, their Subjective Global Assessment (SGA) statuses, their anthropometric indicators such as their serum creatinine (SCr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), mid-arm muscle circumference (MAMC), triceps skinfold (TSF), body mass index (BMI), urea clearance index (KT/V), and urea reduction ratios (URR%). RESULTS: Compared with group A, group B showed higher transferrin (TRF), prealbumin (PA), and albumin (ALB) levels, higher RAAQ and RABQ scores, higher MAMC, TSF, and BMI levels and lower SGA scores, and lower SCr, and BUN levels (P<0.05). After the intervention, the attainment rate of target KT/V was 94.12% in group B, higher than the 63.27% in group A, and the patients with target URR% accounted for 96.07% in group B, higher than the 61.22% in group A (P<0.05). CONCLUSION: TTMNI for HD patients is helps improve patients' nutritional statuses and their dietary compliance as well as their liver function, and it increases their dialysis attainment rate.

Characteristics of Body Composition and Lifestyle in Chinese University Students with Normal-Weight Obesity: A Cross-Sectional Study.

PURPOSE: Normal weight obesity (NWO), defined as normal body mass index (BMI) and excessive body fat percentage (BF%), has been shown to be associated with a significantly higher risk of developing metabolic syndrome, cardiometabolic dysfunction and with higher mortality. However, there is limited literature regarding the potential associations between NWO and lifestyles. This study aimed to investigate the associations of lifestyles with NWO in Chinese university students. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS: A total of 279 university students with normal BMI were recruited and divided into NWO and normal weight non-obesity (NWNO) groups by BF%. Body composition and anthropometrics were measured, and participants were asked to finish the Healthy Lifestyle Scale for University Students (HLSUS) questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 26 male (25.5%) and 71 female (40.1%) students were identified as NWO. Compared to NWNO students, body weight, BMI, body fat mass, visceral fat area, waist circumference and hip circumference of NWO students were all significantly higher both in male and female students (P < 0.05). The body fat mass, BF% and visceral fat area were significantly negatively correlated with the total HLSUS, physical exercise behavior, and dietary nutrition behavior scores in NWNO males, NWO and NWNO females (P < 0.05). The risk of NWO was lower in those students with higher scores in physical exercise behavior in both males (OR = 0.298, 95% CI = 0.121~0.733) and females (OR = 0.653, 95% CI = 0.505~0.843), while dietary nutrition behavior (OR = 0.759, 95% CI = 0.584~0.986) and stress management behavior (OR = 0.503, 95% CI = 0.335~0.755) decreased the risk of NWO only in females. CONCLUSION: The incidence of NWO was high among university students, especially in females, which might be related with unhealthy lifestyles. NWO university students should pay attention to lifestyle adjustments, especially physical exercise, dietary nutrition and stress management, for preventing the health risk in NWO.

The prevalence of gout and related factors in community population / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To explore the prevalence of gout and related factors in community population, thereby provide evidence for comprehensive prevention and control of gout in community.Methods:A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used to survey the permanent residents of 20 to 75 years old in the 3 selected streets (towns), univariate analysis was performed using logistic regression by SPSS statistical software.Results:The prevalences of hyperuricemia and gout were 9.82% and 5.75% respectively(male 18.88% and 7.94%, female 3.79% and 4.29%)in Jiading Shanghai. The positive rate of family history was 17.13%, and the relationship between family history and gout was significant( OR=3.140, 95% CI 2.365-4.169, P<0.01). Age( OR=1.034, 95% CI 1.021-1.047), body mass index ( OR=1.102, 95% CI 1.074-1.131), waist-hip ratio ( OR=4.876, 95% CI 1.153-20.622), sleep quality ( OR=1.310, 95% CI 1.159-1.480), other animal meat ( OR=1.117, 95% CI 1.007-1.240), fresh water fish ( OR=1.138, 95% CI 1.005-1.288), and processed meat ( OR=1.145, 95% CI 1.033-1.270) were closely related to gout ( P<0.05 or P<0.01). Sex, alcohol drinking, marine fish, and soybean milk/soymilk were related to gout ( P<0.05 or P<0.01), but showed a protective effect ( OR<1.000). Conclusion:Reducing uric acid production through less consumption of purine-rich food such as animal meat as well as processed meat and weight control would be helpful in preventing gout.

Effect of dietary nutrition on tail fat deposition and evaluation of tail-related genes in fat-tailed sheep

BACKGROUND: The effects of dietary nutrition on tail fat deposition and the correlation between production performance and the Hh signaling pathway and OXCT1 were investigated in fat-tailed sheep. Tan sheep were fed different nutritional diets and the variances in tail length, width, thickness and tail weight as well as the mRNA expression of fat-related genes (C/EBPα, FAS, LPL, and HSL) were determined in the tail fat of sheep at three different growth stages based on their body weight. Furthermore, the correlations between tail phenotypes and the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway components (IHH, PTCH1, SMO, and GLI1) and OXCT1 were investigated. RESULTS: C/EBPα, FAS, LPL, and HSL were expressed with differences in tail fat of sheep fed different nutritional diets at three different growth stages. The results of the two-way ANOVA showed the significant effect of nutrition, stage, and interaction on gene expression, except the between C/EBPα and growth stage. C/EBPα, FAS, and LPL were considerably correlated with the tail phenotypes. Furthermore, the results of the correlation analysis demonstrated a close relationship between the tail phenotypes and Hh signaling pathway and OXCT1. CONCLUSIONS: The present study demonstrated the gene-level role of dietary nutrition in promoting tail fat deposition and related tail fat-related genes. It provides a molecular basis by which nutritional balance and tail fat formation can be investigated and additional genes can be identified. The findings of the present study may help improve the production efficiency of fat-tailed sheep and identify crucial genes associated with tail fat deposition.

[Dietary intake of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin among adults aged 65 and above in 15 provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) in China in 2015].

OBJECTIVE: To assess the intake of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin and estimate the association between the adequacy of intake of those three B-vitamins and risk factors among older Chinese adults. METHODS: A total of 3222 adults aged 65 and above with completed dietary data were derived from the 2015 survey of China Nutritional Transition Cohort Study 2015. The total subjects. Dietary data was recorded by three consecutive days with 24-hour recalls. The intake of those three B-vitamins were assessed by comparing with Chinese dietary thiamine, riboflavin and niacin reference intakes. The food sources of three vitamins were analyzed. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios for factors associated with the inadequacy of intake of those three vitamins. RESULTS: The median daily intake of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin was 0. 8, 0. 7 and 12. 8 mg in males, and 0. 7, 0. 6 and 10. 9 mg in females, respectively. Adults aged 80 and above and living in the southern regions were more likely to have inadequate thiamine intake than adults aged 65-79 and living in northern regions, respectively. Adults had inadequate intake of riboflavin were more likely to be living in a village and adults with lower education levels than adults living in a city and adults with higher education levels. In males, adults had inadequate intake of niacin were more likely to be 80 years and above, with lower education levels, living in the northern regions, living in a village and with the lowest income. In females, adults had inadequate intake of niacin were more likely to be with lower education, living in northern regions and living in a village. CONCLUSION: About 80% adults were at the risk of the inadequate intake of thiamine and riboflavin in China. Age, education, income, regions and areas of residence were associated with the intake of thiamine, riboflavin and niacin.

[Correlation Between Dietary Nutrition and Premature Ovarian Failure].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between dietary nutrition and premature ovarian failure (POF). METHODS: A case control study was undertaken in 294 patients recruited from the reproductive endocrine clinic of our hospital over the period from November 2015 to January 2017. The POF group included women with premature ovarian failure , and women with normal menstruation were included as control group. The dietary and nutritional status of these patients were analyzed and compared. RESULTS: A total of 70 POF patients (POF group) and 224 controls participated in this study. No significant differences in age, sex, height, body mass and body mass index (BMI) existed between the two groups. Significant differences were found between the two groups in daily intakes of protein, carbohydrate and dietary fiber (P<0.05). Low carbohydrate (OR=11.652, 95% CI: 3.864-35.135) and dietary fiber intake (OR=7.851, 95% CI: 2.272-27.137) were associated with higher odds of POF. CONCLUSION: Deficiencies of carbohydrate and dietary fiber are associated with premature ovarian failure.

DIETARY INTAKES OF CAROTENOIDS IN CHINESE ADULTS FROM URBAN, SUBURBAN AND RURAL COMMUNITIES / 营养学报

Objective To explore the dietary intakes of carotenoids in Chinese adults.Method One hundred and eighty four 30-60 year-old adults(84 males and 100 females) from three different communities were recruited in the investigation.The dietary samples were collected by double-servings in every season of the year respectively.The double sample comprised all the foods of continuous 3 d at equal variety and quantity,and were analyzed by HPLC for the contents of ?-carotene,?-carotene,?-cryptoxanthin,lycopene,and lutein/zeaxanthin.Results The dietary samples were collected and analyzed from 184,184,169,and 161 subjects in summer,autumn,winter and spring respectively.The dietary intakes of ?-carotene,?-carotene,?-cryptoxanthin,lycopene,and lutein+zeaxanthin in the investigated subjects in summer were 2.48?2.71mg,276.6?469.4 ?g,86.9?241.4 ?g,2.16?3.38 mg,and 1.48?1.65 mg respectively.Those in autumn were 3.39?4.10 mg,271.7?462.8 ?g,339.9?1016.8 ?g,0.25?1.34 mg and 2.07?3.00 mg respectively.Those in winter were 2.85?3.76 mg,302.7?622.6 ?g,108.8?142.3 ?g,0.36?1.46 mg and 1.97?3.00 mg.and those in spring were 3.76?3.35 mg,162.4?413.9 ?g,42.1?93.8 ?g,0.86?1.39 mg and 6.10?6.26 mg respecfively.The lycopene intakes were relatively higher in summer,?-cryptoxanthin higher in autumn,and lutein/ zeaxanthin higher in spring.The intakes of ?-and ?-carotene were relatively less fluctuated by seasons.Generally,the subjects from the central urban community consumed more carotenoids than those from the outskirt community and the rural village,with the only exception of lutein/zeaxanthin intake in spring.Conclusion The dietary carotenoids intakes in Chinese adults were studied,and the data would be helpful for further researches about carotenoids nutrition among Chinese population.